Poxvirus Use a “Gene Accordion” to Tune Out Host Defenses
نویسندگان
چکیده
A multistep process of gene amplification, mutation, and reduction allows poxvirus to overcome host antiviral defenses. The mechanism speeds genetic adaptation and promises to be broadly applicable in many biological settings.
منابع مشابه
Emergence of a Viral RNA Polymerase Variant during Gene Copy Number Amplification Promotes Rapid Evolution of Vaccinia Virus.
Viruses are under relentless selective pressure from host immune defenses. To study how poxviruses adapt to innate immune detection pathways, we performed serial vaccinia virus infections in primary human cells. Independent courses of experimental evolution with a recombinant strain lacking E3L revealed several high-frequency point mutations in conserved poxvirus genes, suggesting important rol...
متن کاملPoxviruses Deploy Genomic Accordions to Adapt Rapidly against Host Antiviral Defenses
In contrast to RNA viruses, double-stranded DNA viruses have low mutation rates yet must still adapt rapidly in response to changing host defenses. To determine mechanisms of adaptation, we subjected the model poxvirus vaccinia to serial propagation in human cells, where its antihost factor K3L is maladapted against the antiviral protein kinase R (PKR). Viruses rapidly acquired higher fitness v...
متن کاملMyxoma virus in the European rabbit: interactions between the virus and its susceptible host.
Myxoma virus (MV) is a poxvirus that evolved in Sylvilagus lagomorphs, and is the causative agent of myxomatosis in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). This virus is not a natural pathogen of O. cuniculus, yet is able to subvert the host rabbit immune system defenses and cause a highly lethal systemic infection. The interaction of MV proteins and the rabbit immune system has been an ideal...
متن کاملA paralogous pair of mammalian host restriction factors form a critical host barrier against poxvirus infection
Host restriction factors constitute a formidable barrier for viral replication to which many viruses have evolved counter-measures. Human SAMD9, a tumor suppressor and a restriction factor for poxviruses in cell lines, is antagonized by two classes of poxvirus proteins, represented by vaccinia virus (VACV) K1 and C7. A paralog of SAMD9, SAMD9L, is also encoded by some mammals, while only one of...
متن کاملPoxvirus Host Range Genes and Virus–Host Spectrum: A Critical Review
The Poxviridae family is comprised of double-stranded DNA viruses belonging to nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV). Among the NCLDV, poxviruses exhibit the widest known host range, which is likely observed because this viral family has been more heavily investigated. However, relative to each member of the Poxviridae family, the spectrum of the host is variable, where certain viruses ca...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Cell
دوره 150 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012